He remained until late 1939, then worked for the movie animation company Fleischer Studios as an inbetweener (an artist who fills in the action between major-movement frames) on Popeye cartoons. Per his sometimes-unreliable memory, Kirby joined the Lincoln Newspaper Syndicate in 1936, working there on newspaper comic strips and on single-panel advice cartoons such as Your Health Comes First!!! (under the pseudonym "Jack Curtiss"). Entry into comics (1936–1940) Ĭaptain America Comics #1 (March 1941). I didn't want to work on any project forever. They wanted people who would work on something forever. "I wasn't the kind of student that Pratt was looking for. Kirby enrolled at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, at what he said was age 14, leaving after a week. He later found an outlet for his skills by drawing cartoons for the newspaper of the Boys Brotherhood Republic, a "miniature city" on East 3rd Street where street kids ran their own government. He was rejected by the Educational Alliance because he drew "too fast with charcoal", according to Kirby. Essentially self-taught, Kirby cited among his influences the comic strip artists Milton Caniff, Hal Foster, and Alex Raymond, as well as such editorial cartoonists as C. He liked to draw and sought out places he could learn more about art. I began to like it." Through his youth, Kirby desired to escape his neighborhood. Growing up on Suffolk Street, Kirby was often involved in street fights with other kids, later saying that "fighting became second nature. His parents, Rose and Benjamin Kurtzberg, were Austrian Jewish immigrants, and his father earned a living as a garment factory worker. Jack Kirby was born Jacob Kurtzberg on August 28, 1917, in New York City.
In his later years, Kirby received great recognition for his career accomplishments, and is regarded by historians and fans as one of the major innovators and most influential creators in the comic book medium.
Kirby returned to Marvel briefly in the mid-to-late 1970s, then ventured into television animation and independent comics. While these and other titles proved commercially unsuccessful and were canceled, several of their characters and the Fourth World mythos have continued as a significant part of the DC Comics universe. While working for DC, Kirby created his Fourth World saga, which spanned several comics titles. Despite the high sales and critical acclaim of the Lee-Kirby titles, Kirby felt treated unfairly, and left the company in 1970 for rival DC Comics.
In the 1960s, Kirby co-created many of Marvel Comics' major characters, including the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, and the Hulk, along with writer-editor Stan Lee. He contributed to a number of publishers, including Archie Comics and DC Comics, but ultimately found himself at Timely's 1950s iteration, Atlas Comics, later to be known as Marvel Comics. During the 1940s, Kirby would create a number of comics for various publishers, often teaming with Simon.Īfter serving in World War II, Kirby returned to comics and worked in a variety of genres. In 1941, Kirby and writer Joe Simon created the highly successful superhero character Captain America for Timely Comics. He drew various comic strips under different pen names, ultimately settling on Jack Kirby. Growing up poor in New York City, Kurtzberg entered the nascent comics industry in the 1930s. Jack Kirby (Aug– February 6, 1994), born Jacob Kurtzberg, was an American comic book artist, writer and editor.
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